Old Town Newhall Gazette, Feb.-March 2008


		THE GAZETTE. February-March 2008 • Year 14, Number 1. Mulholland: 'There It Is, Take It.' By DR. ALAN POLLACK President, Santa Clarita Valley Historical Society. It was the beginning of the proverbial rise and fall for William Mulholland. On the triumphant day of November 5, 1913, more than forty thousand Los Angelenos gathered in the Northern San Fernando Valley — in present-day Sylmar — to witness the first waters to flow into that valley from Mulholland's miraculous Los Angeles Aqueduct. The hero of the City of Los Angeles, Mulholland presided over the ceremony and instructed the water gate to be opened with the famous words, "There it is, take it." The November 6, 1913, issue of the Los Angeles Times proclaimed, "Glorious Mountain River Now Flows to Los Angeles." In the early days of the pueblo of Los Angeles, the city water supply was obtained from the Los Angeles River. Water was brought to the pueblo from the river by way of a series of ditches called zanjas. The main ditch was called the Zanja Madre, or mother ditch. By 1868, the population of the pueblo had grown to 5,000 to 6,000 people. At that time, the city entered into a contract with a private water company, the Los Angeles City Water Company, to lease the city's waterworks for a thirty-year period to provide water to the city. In 1875, Fred Eaton, a member of a prominent family from Pasadena, became superintendent of the water company. He hired Irish immigrant William Mulholland in 1878 as a zanjero, or ditch tender. Although he had no formal schooling, Mulholland proved to be a brilliant employee who taught himself engineering and geology. Mulholland became friends with Eaton and quickly moved up the ranks of the water company, becoming superintendent in 1886. Eaton eventually became mayor of Los Angeles from 1898 to 1900. By the turn of the century, the population of Los Angeles had grown to more than 100,000. The Los Angeles River continued to be the only supply of water for this rapidly growing city. It became obvious that if the city was to grow further, it would need another source of water. In 1902, the City of Los Angeles took over the city's water supply, and the Bureau of Water Works and Supply was formed with Mulholland continuing as superintendent. Mulholland drove on a buckboard through Newhall and Saugus in 1904 with his friend Eaton on their way to explore the Owens Valley east of the Sierra Nevada Range, which Eaton had visited in the 1890s. Eaton wanted to convince Mulholland that the Owens River might in some way be diverted to Los Angeles to become that extra water source that the growing city desperately needed. It was on that trip that Mulholland and Eaton hatched the idea of building an aqueduct between the Owens Valley and the San Fernando Valley. But accomplishing this would first require buying up land and water rights in the Owens Valley. The residents of the Owens Valley had other ideas. They were looking forward to a reclamation project sponsored by the federal Bureau of Reclamation. Eaton, with help from his friend and local chief of the reclamation service, J.B. Lippincott, began buying up land in the Owens Valley under the pretense that the land would be used for the reclamation project. By July 1905, Eaton had bought enough land to secure the land and water rights to build the aqueduct. The Los Angeles Daily Times headline of July 29, 1905, would state, "Titanic Project to Give City a River. Thirty Thousand Inches of Water to be Brought to Los Angeles. Options Secured on Forty Miles of River Frontage in Inyo County. Stupendous Deal Closed." Los Angeles voters approved bond issues in 1905 to finance the purchases made by Eaton, and in 1907 to finance the construction of the aqueduct. Mulholland designed and supervised the building of the aqueduct. What seemed like an impossible feat was accomplished between 1908 and 1913, as the 233-mile-long aqueduct was built on time and within budget. The water flowed solely by gravity without the need for any pumping stations. The project also featured the five-mile-long Elizabeth Tunnel. The aqueduct would pass through San Francisquito, Bouquet, Soledad and Placerita canyons on its way to the terminus in the San Fernando Valley. With the opening of the aqueduct in 1913, Mulholland became a huge hero to the people of Los Angeles. He was asked to run for mayor, and neighborhoods and a public highway were named for him. But to the people of the Owens Valley, Mulholland was reviled. They felt duped by Eaton's land purchases and complained that Los Angeles had stolen their water without adequate compensation. Beginning in 1924, Owens Valley locals began attacking the aqueduct, dynamiting some sections and letting water loose into the valley, in what would become known as the Owens Valley Water Wars. This and other factors — such as the aqueduct crossing the San Andreas Fault — led Mulholland to build a series of reservoirs to provide Los Angeles with a reserve of water close-by in the event of a disruption of the aqueduct's operation. The last of these reservoirs would provide the "fall" part of the William Mulholland saga. The St. Francis Dam was completed in 1926. Mulholland was greatly responsible for building the dam, which turned out to be flawed both in design and in geologic location. Soon after the reservoir reached full capacity in March 1928, it collapsed and sent a 180-foot-high wall of water cascading down San Francisquito Canyon and into the Santa Clara River Valley, killing an estimated 450 to 600 people in the second-worst disaster in California history. Mulholland took full responsibility and was never the same. He died in 1935 a broken man. But no one can take away the magnificent accomplishment that to this day provides water for Los Angeles. Without Mulholland's aqueduct, neither Los Angeles nor Santa Clarita could have grown into the cities we know today. Drivers in the Santa Clarita Valley pass by the aqueduct every day as it courses through various canyons, then up over the Newhall Pass to its terminus at the Los Angeles Reservoir in Sylmar. The original cascade of water can still be seen when traveling on Interstate 5 at the southern end of the Newhall Pass. His hero status would forever be tarnished by the St. Francis Dam disaster fifteen years later. But on a fine November day in 1913, Mulholland was truly on top of the world. For more information on William Mulholland and the St. Francis Dam Disaster, come see the Santa Clarita Valley Historical Society's museum and docents at the Saugus Train Station every Saturday and Sunday between 1 p.m. and 4 p.m., or visit scvhistory.com on the Internet. ©2008, Old Town Newhall USA. All rights reserved.

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