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viii                 Contents

                                                              PACK
                Oasis of Tio Meso  The Mohaveh River  The Valley of the
                Santa Ana  San Bernardino Mountain  The Settlements and
                Los Angeles  Benton s Letters and Congratulations  .  .  147
                            CHAPTER X  INDIAN AFFAIRS

            State of the Indians in the Pacific Coast Territories  Indians Held
                to Peonage by the Whites  Fifteen Thousand Die of Starva
                tion  Spaniards and Mexicans as Slave Drivers  Beale s Plan
                of Protected Reservations  for the Nation s Wards  Mr.
                Sebastian Supports the Plan in the Senate, and Secures the
                Desired Appropriation  Beale s Indian Policy Endorsed by
                the  Military and  Civil  Officials  in  California  General
                Hitchcock s  Letter  Opposition of  Indian Agents  Mas
                sacres in Shasta and Scott Valley  General Rising of the
                Indians Feared  Beale Commissioned Brigadier -General
                As  Peace  Plenipotentiary  Brings the Warlike Tribes to
                Terms  Beale s Defence of the Modocs  .  .  .  .174

                      CHAPTER XI  THE FORGOTTEN CAMEL CORPS
            Transportation Problems of  the Fifties  To Provision Army
                Posts in Southwest, Beale Suggests Camel Trains to the War
                Department  Enthusiastic Reception of the Novel Idea by
                Secretary Jefferson Davis  David Dixon Porter Sent to Tunis
                and Syria to Secure the Camels  Camel Corps in the Scinde
                Campaign  Beale s Report to the War Department of his
                Camel Journey from San Antonio to El Paso  San Francisco
                Papers Enthusiastic over the New Beast of Burden  Davis
                Resigns from the War Department and the Camels are Neg
                lected  Beale Herds the Survivors on his Ranch A Camel
                Tandem  Value of Beale s Journals to Future Historians of
                the Southwestern and Pacific States  .  .  .  .  .198

                  CHAPTER XII  THE WAGON ROAD SURVEY FROM FORT
                            DEFIANCE TO CALIFORNIA
            General Beale s Report to the Secretary of War  From Zuni to the
                Banks of the Little Colorado  Praise of the Camels, Especi
                ally  their Swimming  Extracts from Beale s Journal
                Howard s  Spring, Famous  for Indian Massacres  Water
                Shortage  Mount Buchanan and Mount Benton  Indian Ad
                venture of a Geologist  Captured Indians Retained as Guides
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