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will be used here, but I will discuss the nomenclature of

the term at greater length in chapter three.
Dr. Maurice M. Zigmond spent several months conducting

fieldwork among the Kawaiisu in the late 1930's and again in
the early 1970 's. Zigmond's extensive studies culminated in

published books and articles on Kawaiisu geography (1938),

plant usage (1981), mythology (1977, 1988), basketry (1978),

and a Kawaiisu dictionary (Munro & Zigmond, 1984). His

associate, Stephen C. Cappannari, also conducted fieldwork

during the late 1940 's and collected information on Kawaiisu

language, as did Dr. Sheldon Klein during the late 1950's

and again in the early 1980's. The researchers mentioned

above have each spent a considerable amount time speaking

directly with the Kawaiisu individuals in their homes and

their research remains vital to the existing knowledge of

Kawaiisu culture.

A few researchers have published limited works

pertaining to different aspects of Kawaiisu culture, such as

kinship terms (Gifford, 1917, cited by Zigmond, 1986).

Archeologists have, over the last 20 years, analyzed

pictographs and rock mortar holes, as well as house rings

which indicate Kawaiisu settlement sites (cited in Zigmond,

1986). Additionally, local historians have interviewed

Kawaiisu people and told parts of their stories, but the

stories have been recounted through the filtered perceptions

of the authors (Barras, 1984; Powers, 1981; Wortley, 1972).