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Figure 24: On some occasions, especially larger landscapes, it is possible
to have a primary treatment, with discrete, or secondary areas of another
treatment. This is most common for an individual feature in a larger
landscape. At the Eugene and Carlotta O'Neill Historic Site, Danville,
California the primary treatment selected for the courtyard was
restoration. When accommodating universal accessibility requirements,
the introduction of a grass paver walk was installed which warranted the
removal of a few historic shrubs. This discrete project would be considered
a rehabilitation treatment. (courtesy Patricia M. O'Donnell)

Figures 25 and 26: When
TREATMENTS FOR CULTURAL the American Elm
LANDSCAPES (Ulmus americana) was
plagued with Dutch Elm
Prior to undertaking work on a landscape, a treatment plan Disease many historic
or similar document should be developed. The four primary properties relied on the
treatments identified in the Secretary of the Interior's Japanese Zelkova
(Zelkova serrata) as a
Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties 12 , are: substitute plant. As
illustrated, the overall
Preservation is defined as the act or process of applying form and scale of these
measures necessary to sustain the existing form, integrity, trees is really quite
and materials of an historic property. Work, including different, and would
preliminary measures to protect and stabilize the property, therefore not be an
generally focuses upon the ongoing maintenance and repair appropriate substitute
of historic materials and features rather than extensive plant material under a
restoration or
replacement and new construction. New additions are not reconstruction
within the scope of this treatment; however, the limited and treatment.
sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical and plumbing
systems and other code-required work to make properties alterations or additions without altering significant historic
functional is appropriate within a preservation project. features or materials, with successful projects involving
Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making minor to major change. Restoration or reconstruction
possible a compatible use for a property through repair, attempts to recapture the appearance of a property, or an
alterations, and additions while preserving those portions or individual feature at a particular point in time, as confirmed
features which convey its historical or cultural values. by detailed historic documentation. These last two
treatments most often require the greatest degree of
Restoration is defined as the act or process of accurately intervention and thus, the highest level of documentation.
depicting the fonn, features, and character of a property as it
appeared at a particular period of time by means of the In all cases, treatment should be executed at the appropriate
removal of features from other periods in its history and level reflecting the condition of the landscape, with repair
reconstruction of missing features from the restoration work identifiable upon close inspection and/ or indicated in
period. The limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, supplemental interpretative information. When repairing
electrical and plumbing systems and other code-required or replacing a feature, every effort should be made to
work to make properties functional is appropriate within a achieve visual and physical compatibility. Historic
restoration project. materials should be matched in design, scale, color and
texture.
Reconstruction is defined as the act or process of depicting,
by means of new construction, the form, features, and A landscape with a high level of integrity and authenticity
detailing of a non-surviving site, landscape, building, may suggest preservation as the primary treatment. Such a
structure, or object for the purpose of replicating its treatment may emphasize protection, stabilization, cyclical
appearance at a specific period of time and in its historic maintenance, and repair of character-defining landscape
location. features. Changes over time that are part of the landscape's
continuum and are significant in their own right may be

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