January 2, 1939 — A floral facsimile of Newhall's Pioneer Oil Refinery floats down Colorado Boulevard (Route 66) and into Rose Parade history as the grand prize winner of the 50th annual Pasadena Tournament of Roses Parade. Detail from ~1880 photo showing tail house. Click to enlarge. The float features all four of the refinery's boilers and all three smokestacks (the fourth boiler, historically the first, is behind the boy) — all of which were still present in real life. Also seen is a replica of the No. 4 derrick from the Pico oil field, which in reality would be about 6 miles away. Between the refinery and the derrick (also behind the boy) is a small feature that might be the tail house or receiving house, which stood next to the boilers. Historian Stan Walker describes it as a structure where all of the liquid from the condenser pipes was collected, inspected and directed to the holding tank. The oil well and reinfery represented here were the first commerically successful ones in the American West. Evidently the float had moving parts; see description below. 8x10 glossy print, probably a copy print, sourced to Chevron USA (aka Standard Oil Co. of California). The parade was held January 2 because January 1 fell on a Sunday. Actress Shirley Temple was the grand marshal in 1939, a role she would reprise in 1989 and 1999. Later in the day, No. 7 USC upset No. 3 Duke in the Rose Bowl game, 7-3 [cq].

Click to enlarge. [Excerpt.] Los Angeles Times | January 3, 1939. Oil Float Wins. Grand prize in the parade went to the Standard Oil Co.'s entry, "Romance of the Oil Industry." This floral masterpiece depicted the drilling of the first oil well in California 60 years ago. Standard Oil Co. One of the larger commercial entries, the Standard Oil float, showed in all the multicolored brilliance of countless buds the history of oil development in the State. An oil-well derrick, a floral delight in blue delphiniums, pumped away with a boom pump of brown pompons and purple statices. Near by were three refining units and boilers [sic: 4 are visible], all strikingly constructed from yellow chrysanthemums and blue cornflowers. Running from one miniature unit to the other and supposedly carrying to and from the black gold of California, flower-decked conduit pipes of delphiniums caught the eye. Upon the base of the float, faced with greenery and sweet peas, were 3,000 talisman and 500 yellow roses.

Click to enlarge. [Excerpt.] Submitted by Fred Campagne, 937 Bellflower Blvd., Bellflower, Calif. Sioux Center (Iowa) News | Thursday, January 26, 1939. One of the largest commercial entries, the Standard Oil float "Romance of the Oil Industry," showed in all the multicolored brilliance of countless buds the history of oil development in the State. It portrayed the memory of the discovery of oil 60 years ago near Newhall, Cal., with a 37-foot float carrying 300,000 blossoms. It featured an historical model, drawn to scale, of the first oil well and refinery in the state, a truly realistic picture of the birth of what is now one of the leading industries. An oil-well derrick, a floral delight in blue delphiniums, pumped away with a boom pump of brown pompons and purple statices. Near by were three [sic: copied from the Times] refining units and boilers, all strikingly constructed from yellow chrysanthemums and blue cornflowers. Running from one miniature unit to the other and supposedly carrying to and fro the black gold of California, flower-decked conduit pipes of delphiniums caught the eye. Upon the base of the float, faced with greenery and sweet peas, were 3,000 talisman and 500 yellow roses.

The Pioneer Oil Refinery on Pine Street in Newhall dates to 1877, when oil driller Alex Mentry was breaking new ground in Pico Canyon and Chinese track layers had just finished hammering rails through Henry Newhall's recently purchased rancho. The little 15-barrel still that had been erected in 1874 at Lyon's Station (now Eternal Valley Cemetery) just wasn't working out. It couldn't produce a smoke-free kerosene — oil's major use in those days — and in 1875 it was shut. Besides, it was almost a mile away from the coming railroad.

Andrew Kraszynski's brand-new stagecoach stop at the mouth of Railroad Canyon made the ideal location for a new refinery. Not only did it have a bountiful supply of water for refining operations, but it sat right next to the train tracks.

John A. Scott, an experienced refiner from Pennsylvania, supervised construction. Scott moved the little 15-barrel still and another 20-barrel still from Lyon's to Andrew's and added a large, 120-barrel cheesebox still. Completed in August 1877, the refinery was an instant success.

Meanwhile, up at Pico, Alex Mentry had resumed his well-deepening campaign, which had stalled out after a water shortage. Mentry laid a pipe from a water source in a neighboring canyon for his steam drilling machinery. Within two months he was producing more oil than the Pioneer refinery could handle, so a fourth and even larger 150-barrel cheesebox still was added.

Oil itself was used in the distillation process. Heavy residual oil from earlier refining runs fueled the brick ovens beneath the stills. Tall brick chimneys vented what must have been massive amounts of smoke. Petroleum gasses passed into a condenser consisting of a wooden box with 1,400 feet of layered iron pipe submerged in water. The condensed oils flowed into a lead-lined agitator, where they were treated with chemicals and mixed with air to improve their burning quality.

The Pioneer Oil Refinery at Andrew's Station added benzene and illuminating oil for ships, railroads, factories and mines to California Star Oil's list of products. The breadwinner, though, was clean-burning kerosene in two grades.

Within a few years, oil was flowing all along the California coast. A huge refinery was set up at Alameda, directly across the bay from San Francisco — a much more practical location than the little burgh of Newhall. In 1888, the refining operation at Andrew's Station ceased for all time.

For about a dozen years, the Pioneer Oil Refinery off of Pine Street served to light up the western frontier. It was the first commercially successful oil refinery in the Western United States and is believed to be the oldest existing refinery in the world. Today its idle smokestacks and empty stills cast long shadows on the dawning of California's oil industry — an industry whose roots are intertwined with those of the Santa Clarita Valley.

The Pioneer Oil Refinery in Newhall is State Historical Landmark No. 172.

— Leon Worden 1997

Notes: The city of Santa Clarita acquired the Pioneer Oil Refinery property as a gift from Chevron USA in 1997 (escrow closed in April 1998) with the intent of restoring it and turning it into a public park. Funding was/is to come in part from developer fees associated with the Gate-King ("Needham Ranch") Industrial Park, which would surround it. (The refinery would find itself at the intersection of two roads leading into the business park.) The Santa Clarita City Council approved the buiness park in 2003, but then the development was tied up in court with environmental lawsuits. Construction of the first of three phases of the business park finally commenced in late 2017, fourteen years after approval. In early 2021, while grading for Phase II of the Needham Ranch business park was underway, the City of Santa Clarita began physical work on the restoration of the refinery, beginning with temporary removal of the refinery features in order to stabilize and compact the soil and pour new foundations.